he Dover Block was an excellent urban set-piece, but it only dated to the 1880s. Before it was Dover's Drug Store, standing by 1875, but perhaps going back to the antebellum era. It was built on the route of Seelys Ditch, so would have came after that part of the ditch was filled in and replatted, sometime after 1845.
Dover's was a good example of 19th and early-mid 20th century live-work space for small business.
The entire intersection, showing how the street wall of commercial buildings facing 5th continued some distance to the east of the Dover Block. The Dickey Block (1855!) across the street was probably removed sometime before the Tasty Boy went up in the 1930s or early 40s.
Note that Wayne Avenue here was much narrower than it is today, as urban renewal made the street more car friendly via widening.
One of the points here is that even though th Dover Block was good urban architecture it was transitory, as was its predecessor. This is the nature of the urban fabric, that it is a process as much as brick, stone, wood and metal. Buildings are altered, removed and replaced through time.
Yet the form of the city, the lot sizes and shapes and street pattern, also drives how buildings are replaced. And builders used to be sensitive to this context as well as the context of the constructed fabric surrounding their specific project.
As an example, look at the two Dover buildings, the drug store and commercial block. Though quite different, they both create street walls on Wayne and Fifth and emphasise the corner with a chamfer. The corner is further emphasised with a big sign for the drug store and the tower for the commercial block. Both had a blank side wall along Wayne (to permit interior shelving) but have a secondary entrance or second storefront opening off Wayne (visible on the far righ). The Dover Block improves over the drugstore a bit by having the store entrance right on the corner.
This way of building and responding to the urban context and the street/lot pattern has been lost. In the case of this side of the Waybe urban renewal totally obliterated the street/lot pattern and the replacement buildings (the gas station) had very little response to contex, seperating the corner from the building by lanes for pumps and maybe parking.
The space, and buildings on it, were reconfigured to support the automobile, resulting in suburban form dominating in the old Haymarket area.
Across the street along Wayne Avenue there was a similar thing going on, maybe more unplanned. One and a half blocks on the west side of Wayne Avenue south of Fifth a bit beyond Van Buren should suffice to make the point.
The block just south of Fifth (Fifth to Van Buren) in the late 1940s/early 1950s, from the Harlan Bartholemew aerial:
About the only auto-era insertion is the gas station on far left. The rest of the block appears an excellent collection of urban commercial buildings, perhaps some apartments on the east side, across from the gas station.
The gas station, with its parking and lanes for pumps, is still the exception not the rule on this stretch of Wayne. And there is a large three story building on the corner, maybe around the same height as the Dover Block across the street (high ceilings inside make for a more imposing building outside), which helps intensify the architectonic quality of the 5th/Wayne intersection.
Today, the fabric has been torn. The corner building (actually the entire block along Fifth) has disappeared, replaced by landscaped parking. Parking has also been substituted for little commercial block next to the (former) gas station.
The next block, south of Van Buren ( just half a block shown) here, is taken up by what looks like a long one-story commercial building with corner entrance, with big storefront windows facing the sidewalk.
Noticeable, to, is the commercial encroachment into the neighborhood by a building on the south side of Van Buren.
Across Wayne is a varied streetscape of one, two and three story commercial buildings on narrow lots, with an occasional surviving house. This street was originally mostly houses, but the building substitution process resulted in commercial buildings. Yet the commercial building typology still echoes the narrow lots: lot size & shape being a palimpsest of the urban fabric.
Today, the street frontage building has been replaced with parking, and commercial encroachment into the neighborhood increases in the form of parking lots replacing one or two houses on Van Buren.
Across the street are suburban pancake buildings and parking lots of the urban renewal era.
Suburbanizing Wayne Avenue
In the 1960s Bertrand Goldbergs Burns-Jackson plan called for the removal of commercial buildings on Wayne and Fifth as they were obsolete and detracted from the visibility of the old houses inside the neighborhood. Goldbergs plan failed and the proposed large-scale clearances never happened.
It seems actions along Fifth are making Goldbergs plan come true anyway, as the result of a sum total of individual decisions and actions taken by business and property owners. The building substitution process in this case often resulted substitution by parking lots and modernist buildings that ignore some of the informal rules of city building (as illustrated by the Dover block prologue at the start of the post).
This process is ongoing in Dayton as building substitutions (when a building is actually subsistituted, that is) are with a suburban typologies designed to accomodate and respond to automobility.
The result here, as elsewhere in the city, is a particularly unsatisfactory streetscape, as it combines the worst of surburan development with surviving fragments of the past acting as reminders of how much was lost. Lost as in the cultural amnesia on remembering how to build in cities as much as physical loss.
Wayne was a great street, but it's gone. Yet there's plenty of parking
